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Bisporella citrina
''Bisporella citrina'', commonly known as yellow fairy cups or lemon discos, is a species of fungus in the family Helotiaceae. The fungus produces tiny yellow cups up to in diameter, often without stalks, that fruit in groups or dense clusters on decaying deciduous wood that has lost its bark. The widely distributed species is found in North Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and Central and South America. Found in late summer and autumn, the fungus is fairly common, but is easily overlooked owing to its small size. There are several similar species that can in most cases be distinguished by differences in color, morphology, or substrate. Microscopically, ''B. citrina'' can be distinguished from these lookalikes by its elliptical spores, which have a central partition, and an oil drop at each end.
==Taxonomy==
The species was originally described from Europe in 1789 by German naturalist August Batsch as ''Peziza citrina''.〔 Elias Fries sanctioned this name in the second volume of his ''Systema Mycologicum'' (1821).〔 Jean Louis Émile Boudier transferred the species to ''Calycella'' in 1885.〔 Another historical name for the fungus was derived from Johann Hedwig's 1789〔 ''Octospora citrina''.〔 Fries referred Hedwig's name to ''Helotium'' in 1846,〔 and for several decades the fungus was known as either ''Calycella citrina'' or ''Helotium citrinum'', depending on which generic concept an author accepted. In a 1974 publication, Richard Korf noted that the generic name ''Helotium'' competes with a basidiomycete genus of the same name, and under the rules of botanical nomenclature, the ascomycete version of the name had to be abandoned because the basidiomycete version was sanctioned by Fries in 1832, and thus had priority. He also pointed out that the generic name ''Calycella'' could not be used, as it is a synonym of an older name ''Calycina'', which contains species that bear no taxonomic relationship to ''Helotium citrinum''. Accordingly, he formally transferred ''Helotium citrinum'' to ''Bisporella'', to produce the new combination ''Bisporella citrina''. Korf further noted that since ''Bisporella'' was published by Pier Andrea Saccardo in 1884,〔 it had priority over Boudier's 1885 ''Calycella''.〔 ''Calycella'' has since been folded into ''Bisporella''.〔
The specific epithet ''citrina'' is derived from the Latin ''citrin'', meaning "lemon yellow".〔 Common names for the fungus include "yellow fairy cups",〔 and the British Mycological Society-approved "lemon disco";〔 the name "disco" is short for Discomycetes, an older term for ascomycete species with disc- and cup-shaped fruit bodies.〔 Samuel Frederick Gray called it the "lemon funnel-stool" in his 1821 work ''A Natural Arrangement of British Plants''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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